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斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)是連(lian)接房檐與(yu)承(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)柱(zhu)和梁的(de)部(bu)分，整(zheng)個屋頂的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量自然通過不同位置的(de)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)傳(chuan)到(dao)柱(zhu)子(zi)上(shang)。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)受梁架傳(chuan)下來的(de)荷載，并將其傳(chuan)到(dao)主子(zi)上(shang)，在通過柱(zhu)礎傳(chuan)至(zhi)屋檐。它可以承(cheng)托(tuo)挑(tiao)檐，使檐部(bu)挑(tiao)出(chu)更遠，以保(bao)護墻身和臺基(ji)。在室內(nei)還可以承(cheng)托(tuo)天(tian)花枋，構成室內(nei)天(tian)花。在設(she)有平(ping)坐的(de)多(duo)層(ceng)建筑(zhu)中(zhong)，斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)又是平(ping)坐的(de)支撐構件(jian)，所以，斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)是中(zhong)國古代建筑(zhu)中(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)結構構件(jian)。
