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斗(dou)拱，是中(zhong)國古代建筑(zhu)上特有(you)的(de)(de)構件，它的(de)(de)產(chan)生和發展有(you)著非常(chang)悠久的(de)(de)歷史。從兩千(qian)多年(nian)前戰國時代采(cai)桑獵壺上的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)花紋圖(tu)案，以及漢代保(bao)存(cun)下來(lai)的(de)(de)墓闕、壁(bi)畫上，都(dou)可以看到早期(qi)斗(dou)拱的(de)(de)形象。
斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)種類很多，形制復雜(za)。按使(shi)用(yong)(yong)部位分(fen)，它可以分(fen)為內檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、外(wai)檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。外(wai)檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，又可分(fen)為柱(zhu)頭科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(用(yong)(yong)于柱(zhu)頭位置上的(de)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong))、角(jiao)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(用(yong)(yong)于殿堂角(jiao)上的(de)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong))和平身科頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
