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斗拱，是中國古代(dai)建筑上(shang)特有的構件，它的產生和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)有著非常悠久的歷(li)史。從兩千(qian)多年(nian)前戰國時(shi)代(dai)采桑獵壺上(shang)的建筑花紋(wen)圖案，以(yi)及漢代(dai)保(bao)存下來(lai)的墓(mu)闕、壁畫(hua)上(shang)，都可以(yi)看到早期斗拱的形象。
斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的種類很多，形(xing)制復雜。按使用部位(wei)分，它可(ke)以分為內檐斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、外檐斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。外檐斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，又可(ke)分為柱(zhu)頭科斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(用于(yu)柱(zhu)頭位(wei)置上的斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong))、角科斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(用于(yu)殿堂角上的斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong))和平身(shen)科頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。
