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斗拱，是中國(guo)古代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑上(shang)特有(you)的(de)構件，它的(de)產生和發(fa)展有(you)著非常悠久的(de)歷史。從兩千多年前戰國(guo)時代(dai)采桑獵(lie)壺上(shang)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑花紋圖案，以及(ji)漢代(dai)保存(cun)下來的(de)墓闕、壁畫上(shang)，都(dou)可(ke)以看到早期(qi)斗拱的(de)形(xing)象。
斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)種(zhong)類很多，形制復雜。按使用部位(wei)分(fen)，它(ta)可以分(fen)為(wei)內檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、外檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。外檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)中，又可分(fen)為(wei)柱(zhu)頭科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(用于柱(zhu)頭位(wei)置上的(de)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong))、角科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(用于殿堂角上的(de)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong))和平身科(ke)(ke)頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。
