斗拱,是中國古代(dai)建筑上(shang)特有的(de)(de)(de)構件,它的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)和發展有著(zhu)非(fei)常悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。從(cong)兩千多年前戰國時代(dai)采(cai)桑獵壺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)建筑花(hua)紋圖案(an),以及漢代(dai)保存下來的(de)(de)(de)墓闕、壁畫上(shang),都可以看到(dao)早期斗拱的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象。
斗拱(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)種類很(hen)多,形(xing)制復雜。按使用(yong)部(bu)位分(fen)(fen),它可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為內檐斗拱(gong)(gong)、外檐斗拱(gong)(gong)、平座斗拱(gong)(gong)。外檐斗拱(gong)(gong)中,又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為柱頭科(ke)斗拱(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于柱頭位置上(shang)的(de)(de)斗拱(gong)(gong))、角(jiao)科(ke)斗拱(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于殿(dian)堂角(jiao)上(shang)的(de)(de)斗拱(gong)(gong))和平身(shen)科(ke)頭拱(gong)(gong)。
