斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)是(shi)連接房(fang)檐與承重柱(zhu)和(he)(he)梁的部分,整個(ge)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)的重量自然通(tong)過不(bu)同位置的斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)傳到(dao)柱(zhu)子(zi)上。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)承受(shou)梁架傳下(xia)來的荷載,并將其傳到(dao)主子(zi)上,在通(tong)過柱(zhu)礎傳至屋(wu)(wu)檐。它可(ke)以承托(tuo)挑(tiao)(tiao)檐,使檐部挑(tiao)(tiao)出(chu)更遠,以保(bao)護(hu)墻身和(he)(he)臺基。在室內還可(ke)以承托(tuo)天(tian)花枋,構(gou)成室內天(tian)花。在設有平坐(zuo)的多層建筑中(zhong),斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)又是(shi)平坐(zuo)的支撐(cheng)構(gou)件,所以,斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)是(shi)中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)建筑中(zhong)重要的結構(gou)構(gou)件。
