斗拱,是中國(guo)古代建(jian)筑上(shang)(shang)特有的(de)(de)構件,它的(de)(de)產生和(he)發展(zhan)有著非常悠久的(de)(de)歷史。從(cong)兩千多年(nian)前戰國(guo)時代采桑獵壺上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑花紋圖案,以及(ji)漢代保存下來的(de)(de)墓闕、壁畫上(shang)(shang),都可以看到早期斗拱的(de)(de)形象。
斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)的種(zhong)類很(hen)多,形(xing)制復雜。按使用(yong)部位分,它可以分為(wei)內檐斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、外檐斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)。外檐斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)中(zhong),又可分為(wei)柱頭(tou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于柱頭(tou)位置上的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong))、角科(ke)(ke)(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于殿堂(tang)角上的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong))和平身科(ke)(ke)(ke)頭(tou)拱(gong)(gong)。
