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斗拱(gong)，是中國(guo)古代建(jian)(jian)筑上(shang)(shang)特(te)有的(de)構件，它的(de)產生(sheng)和發(fa)展有著非常悠久(jiu)的(de)歷(li)史。從(cong)兩千多年前戰國(guo)時代采桑獵壺上(shang)(shang)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑花紋圖案，以(yi)及漢代保存下來的(de)墓(mu)闕、壁畫上(shang)(shang)，都可以(yi)看到早期斗拱(gong)的(de)形象(xiang)。
斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的種類(lei)很多(duo)，形制復雜。按使用(yong)部位分，它可(ke)以分為內檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、外(wai)檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。外(wai)檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，又可(ke)分為柱(zhu)頭科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于(yu)(yu)柱(zhu)頭位置上的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong))、角科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于(yu)(yu)殿堂角上的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong))和(he)平身科(ke)(ke)頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
