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斗拱(gong)，是中國古(gu)代(dai)建筑上(shang)特(te)有(you)的構件，它的產生(sheng)和發展有(you)著非常悠久的歷史。從兩千多年(nian)前戰國時(shi)代(dai)采桑獵(lie)壺上(shang)的建筑花紋圖案，以及漢代(dai)保存(cun)下(xia)來(lai)的墓闕(que)、壁畫(hua)上(shang)，都(dou)可(ke)以看(kan)到(dao)早(zao)期斗拱(gong)的形(xing)象。
斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的種類(lei)很多，形制復雜。按使用(yong)部位分，它可以(yi)分為(wei)內檐(yan)斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、外(wai)檐(yan)斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、平(ping)座斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。外(wai)檐(yan)斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)中，又可分為(wei)柱(zhu)頭(tou)科(ke)斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于(yu)(yu)柱(zhu)頭(tou)位置(zhi)上的斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong))、角科(ke)斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于(yu)(yu)殿堂角上的斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong))和(he)平(ping)身科(ke)頭(tou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。
