斗(dou)拱,是中國(guo)古(gu)代建(jian)筑上(shang)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)構件(jian),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)產生和發展有(you)著非常悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)歷史。從兩(liang)千多年前戰國(guo)時代采桑獵(lie)壺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑花紋圖案,以(yi)及(ji)漢(han)代保存下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)墓闕、壁畫上(shang),都(dou)可以(yi)看到(dao)早期斗(dou)拱的(de)(de)(de)形象。
斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)的種類很多,形制(zhi)復雜。按使用部位分(fen),它可(ke)以分(fen)為內檐斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、外(wai)檐斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)。外(wai)檐斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)中,又可(ke)分(fen)為柱(zhu)頭(tou)科斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用于柱(zhu)頭(tou)位置(zhi)上的斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong))、角科斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用于殿堂角上的斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong))和(he)平身科頭(tou)拱(gong)(gong)。
