斗拱(gong)是(shi)連接房檐(yan)與承重(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)和梁的(de)部(bu)分,整個屋(wu)頂的(de)重(zhong)量自然(ran)通過(guo)不同位置的(de)斗拱(gong)傳(chuan)(chuan)到柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)上(shang)。斗拱(gong)承受梁架傳(chuan)(chuan)下來(lai)的(de)荷載,并(bing)將其傳(chuan)(chuan)到主子(zi)上(shang),在通過(guo)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎傳(chuan)(chuan)至屋(wu)檐(yan)。它可以承托挑(tiao)檐(yan),使檐(yan)部(bu)挑(tiao)出(chu)更遠(yuan),以保護(hu)墻身和臺基(ji)。在室(shi)內還可以承托天花枋,構(gou)成(cheng)室(shi)內天花。在設(she)有平(ping)坐的(de)多(duo)層建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong),斗拱(gong)又是(shi)平(ping)坐的(de)支撐構(gou)件,所以,斗拱(gong)是(shi)中(zhong)國古(gu)代建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)結構(gou)構(gou)件。
