斗拱(gong),是中(zhong)國古代建筑上特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)構件,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)產生和發展有(you)著非常悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。從兩千多年前戰國時代采桑獵壺上的(de)(de)(de)建筑花紋圖(tu)案,以(yi)及漢代保(bao)存下來的(de)(de)(de)墓闕(que)、壁畫上,都可以(yi)看到早期斗拱(gong)的(de)(de)(de)形象(xiang)。
斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)的種類很多(duo),形制復雜。按(an)使用部位分(fen)(fen),它(ta)可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為內檐(yan)(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、外檐(yan)(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、平(ping)座斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)。外檐(yan)(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)中(zhong),又可分(fen)(fen)為柱(zhu)頭(tou)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用于(yu)柱(zhu)頭(tou)位置上的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong))、角(jiao)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用于(yu)殿(dian)堂角(jiao)上的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong))和平(ping)身科頭(tou)拱(gong)(gong)。
