斗拱,是中國(guo)古代建筑上特有的(de)構(gou)件,它的(de)產生和發展有著(zhu)非常悠(you)久的(de)歷史。從(cong)兩千(qian)多年(nian)前戰(zhan)國(guo)時代采桑獵壺上的(de)建筑花紋(wen)圖案(an),以及漢代保存下來的(de)墓闕、壁畫上,都可以看到早期(qi)斗拱的(de)形象。
斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)的(de)種類很多,形(xing)制復雜。按使用(yong)部位(wei)分,它可以分為內檐斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、外檐斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、平座斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)。外檐斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)中,又(you)可分為柱頭科斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于柱頭位(wei)置上(shang)的(de)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong))、角(jiao)科斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(用(yong)于殿(dian)堂角(jiao)上(shang)的(de)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong))和(he)平身科頭拱(gong)(gong)。
