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斗(dou)拱(gong)，是中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)建筑(zhu)上(shang)特(te)有的(de)(de)構(gou)件，它(ta)的(de)(de)產生和發展有著(zhu)非常悠久的(de)(de)歷史。從兩千(qian)多年(nian)前戰國時代(dai)采(cai)桑獵壺上(shang)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)花紋圖案，以及(ji)漢代(dai)保(bao)存下(xia)來的(de)(de)墓(mu)闕、壁畫(hua)上(shang)，都可以看到早期斗(dou)拱(gong)的(de)(de)形象。
斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)種類很多，形制復雜。按(an)使用部位分，它可以(yi)分為(wei)內檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、外檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、平(ping)座(zuo)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。外檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，又可分為(wei)柱(zhu)頭(tou)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(用于柱(zhu)頭(tou)位置上的(de)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong))、角科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(用于殿堂角上的(de)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong))和平(ping)身科頭(tou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
